York Archaeology Online Collections

Items

• P0742 Hungate Development, Trench 25
  See 2000.1-14 YORYM One of 14 individual site codes of the Hungate Development.
• P0742 Hungate Development, Trench 8
  See 2000.1-14 YORYM One of 14 individual site codes of the Hungate Development.
• P0742 Hungate Development, Trench 24
  See 2000.1-14 YORYM One of 14 individual site codes of the Hungate Development.
• P0742 Hungate Development, Trench 20
  See 2000.1-14 YORYM One of 14 individual site codes of the Hungate Development.
• P0742 Hungate Development, Trench 19
  See 2000.1-14 YORYM One of 14 individual site codes of the Hungate Development.
• P0742 Hungate Development, Trench 18
  See 2000.1-14 YORYM One of 14 individual site codes of the Hungate Development.
• P0742 Hungate Development, Trench 16
  See 2000.1-14 YORYM One of 14 individual site codes of the Hungate Development.
• P0742 Hungate Development, Trench 15
  See 2000.1-14 YORYM One of 14 individual site codes of the Hungate Development.
• P0742 Hungate Development, Trench 14
  See 2000.1-14 YORYM One of 14 individual site codes of the Hungate Development.
• P0742 Hungate Development, Trench 13
  See 2000.1-14 YORYM One of 14 individual site codes of the Hungate Development.
• P0742 Hungate Development, Trench 12
  See 2000.1-14 YORYM One of 14 individual site codes of the Hungate Development.
• P0647 Hungate Development (Phase 3)
  2000.1-14 YORYM, is the composite site code for the Hungate Development; 14 individual codes. The archaeological investigation in advance of the major redevelopment scheme in the Hungate area of York involved desk-top study, borehole and engineering test pit analysis and trial excavation. See 1999.253 YORYM for phases 1 and 2. The archaeological evaluation involved the excavation of 14 trenches. Well-preserved organic deposits were recorded at depth in a large number of the investigative trenches and engineering holes. Evidence for a possible natural ridge extending south from the modern street, The Stonebow, towards the River Foss was also recorded as well as a possible natural valley or stream that flanked the south-west side of Hungate. This may have continued in use into the medieval period as a King’s Drain or perimeter ditch for the Carmelite Friary. In all but one of the trenches a sequence of deposits which dated from the Roman period to the present day was recorded. The features which were dated to the Roman period included a sandstone structure which may have been a culvert or a wall, a grave, a cobble surface associated with a ditch, possibly part of the Roman road leading from the south eastern gate of the fortress, and a number of pits and evidence of dumping in the River Foss. A cobble surface of the Anglian period and a number of contemporary dump deposits were located close to the northern edge of the site. Evidence of timber buildings fronting Hungate in the Anglo-Scandinavian period was found, with rubbish pits and dumping in the area to the rear of these buildings. Occupation in Hungate continued into the medieval period and the area to the east of the street appears to have remained open and was used for dumping and horticulture. The northern limits of the King's Fishpool were established. Evidence of two ecclesiastical buildings was recovered. Excavation revealed burials within the graveyard of the medieval parish church of St John in the Marsh together with possible remains of the church building. Structural elements, pits and dumps which were thought to relate to the Carmelite Friary included a substantial stone wall built in the 13th century which was interpreted as part of major terracing operation. Post medieval deposits included evidence of terraced houses, horticulture and industrial activity. Following the demolition of the parish church and the Dissolution of the Carmelite Friary, part of the site became open ground which was reflected in the build up of horticultural soil and dumps which sealed medieval features. A series of road surfaces thought to represent Hungate were also encountered. A dump of relatively clean material was thought to have related to the canalisation of the Foss. The remains of 19th century housing, some of it cellared, were found in most of the excavated trenches. These buildings were cleared in the 1930s and the site was occupied by buildings which were used for light industry. A territorial army depot and an ambulance depot were also constructed on the site. This development had truncated post medieval deposits over part of the site.
• P0742 Hungate Development, Trench 33
  See 2000.1-14 YORYM One of 14 individual site codes of the Hungate Development.
• P0742 Hungate Development, Trench 11
  See 2000.1-14 YORYM One of 14 individual site codes of the Hungate Development.
• P0742 Hungate Development, Trench 1
  See 2000.1-14 YORYM One of 14 individual site codes of the Hungate Development. See P0647.
• P0511 County House, Monkgate
  The excavations revealed evidence for settlement within this area of Monkgate from the 10th or 11th c. through to the present day suggesting that activity associated with properties on the Monkgate frontage extended into the investigated area and illustrating the development of the Newbiggin suburb outside the eastern gate of the medieval city. Deposits demonstrate horticultural/agricultural activity and rubbish pits in the Anglo- Scandinavian and medieval periods. The area continued to be used as garden and yard with out-building with evidence of the dumping of metal working slag dating to the 17th or early 18th century. In the 19th c. the area was landscaped as gardens, and ash and clinker, possibly from St Maurice's vicarage, was dumped in the area. In the 1980s the area became a car park.
• P0244/P0306/P0352 40-45 Parliament Street/3-9 Pavement
  A single 3 x 3 m trench was excavated to a depth of 2m within the standing building between Parliament Street and Pavement in advance of re-development of the site. A series of pits and external deposits typical of backyards in the medieval period were identified beneath a modern concrete floor. A significant well-stratified group of pottery and tile dateable to between 11th and 13th century was recovered, suggesting that remains of this period survive scarcely disturbed by later activity. A series of monitoring devices was inserted both inside and outside of the building to record moisture levels in an attempt to determine whether the piled foundations of the new store are affecting the below ground movement of water. This work forms part of a joint project with York City Council, Hunting Land and Environment and the Environmental Archaeology Unit of the University of York.
• P0352 44-45 Parliament Street
  "A single 3 x 3 m trench was excavated to a depth of 2m within the standing building between Parliament Street and Pavement in advance of re-development of the site. A series of pits and external deposits typical of backyards in the medieval period were identified beneath a modern concrete floor. A significant well-stratified group of pottery and tile dateable to between 11th and 13th century was recovered, suggesting that remains of this period survive scarcely disturbed by later activity. A series of monitoring devices was inserted both inside and outside of the building to record moisture levels in an attempt to determine whether the piled foundations of the new store are affecting the below ground movement of water. This work forms part of a joint project with York City Council, Hunting Land and Environment and the Environmental Archaeology Unit of the University of York."
• P0274 York Castle Car Park
  "Two trenches each 20m long were excavated to locate and investigate the north gate to York Castle. Considerable disturbance in the form of 19th century brick prison walls and a Civic Centre basement constructed in 1939 but never completed had removed all trace of York Castle in this area. However, small areas of archaeological survival were located and contained deposits of Roman through to 11th century date. A compacted surface and two pits were Roman in date. A disturbed hearth and a rubbish pit dates from the Anglo-Scandinavian period. These deposits suggested occupation in the vicinity. A limestone feature of unknown date and function may be attributable to the medieval castle."
• A0794 41 Piccadilly
  A series of six trenches and seven boreholes demonstrated variable survival of archaeological deposits on the site. Close to George Street intensive Roman activity and two pits containing debris from 11th-12th century bone/antler comb making were revealed less than 0.5m beneath the surface. To the north-west archaeological deposits dipped away steeply with 1.50m of modern material sealing 10th-11th century dumps close to the Piccadilly street front.
• P1313 40-48 Monkgate
• A0010 Leadmill Lane
  Observations were made of an area cleared by mechanical means. Late 1st and 2nd century pits were found near to the assumed junction of roads approaching from the south-east. Disturbed cobbles may have been part of a Roman road. Pits containing waste from bone and antler working dating to the Anglo-Scandinavian period were observed. Additionally debris from a wattle and daub structure was found to date from this period.
• A0688 17-21 Piccadilly [Reynards Garage]
  A considerable depth of post-medieval material was seen to seal well-stratified remains of the late medieval period including structures and layers containing mould fragments dating to the 14th-15th century. Underlying these was a considerable depth (in excess of 2m) of material apparently dumped on marshy land subject to flooding which produced an exceptionally good sequence of pottery. The excavations did not penetrate to Roman levels.
• A0725 89 The Mount
  The excavation located evidence of a Roman structure and a sequence of ditches of early Roman date some 0.30m - 0.40m south-east of the main Roman road to York from the south. An earlier cobbled road surface was observed in a watching brief. There was an absence of later Roman and Anglo-Scandinavian deposition. Shallow build-up and a rubbish pit represented the use of the area in the medieval period.
• A0624 35-41 Blossom Street
  The earliest activity on the site comprised five ditches, the most substantial of which was interrupted by a causeway. These may form parts of a Romano-British enclosure and field system. Nearer the line of the main road south from Eboracum some of the ditches were cut by rubbish pits; other pits may be associated with industrial activity, perhaps metalworking. The ditches and pits were backfilled with, and sealed by, an extensive mid 3rd century deposit which may represent rubbish brought out from the colonia and deliberately dumped to raise the ground level before the site became a cemetery. One cremation and 31 inhumations were recorded, the latter representing three phases. The first phase comprised four infants. Later a rectangular mausoleum was constructed; at least four burials were made within it and one or two outside it. After going out of use the mausoleum was robbed down to its foundations and in a third phase 21 burials were recorded, some of which cut the backfilled robber trenches of the mausoleum. This last phase of burials seems to date from the 4th century or later. Some of the skeletons were damaged by ploughing after the Roman period as the area was used for agriculture. Some medieval and later rubbish pits were dug behind the properties fronting on to Blossom Street and a number of medieval boundary ditches were found together with the base of an oven/kiln/corn drier.